Perceptions of the EU’s international cooperation: Navigating troubled waters

Summary

The EU faces a rapidly shifting global order marked by geopolitical rivalry, economic uncertainty, climate risks and the return of great power politics. In this context, it has positioned itself as a stable, values-driven partner, while promoting its strategic interests more assertively. Drawing on candid interviews with senior diplomats and experts from Africa, Asia and Latin America, this paper explores how the EU’s international cooperation is perceived by its partners in the Global South. It reveals a clear tension between how Europe sees itself and how it is increasingly viewed by others.

Many still see the EU as a highly relevant global actor, appreciated for championing human rights and sustainable development – especially amid US withdrawal under the second Trump administration. Yet, its credibility is waning. Perceptions of hypocrisy, double standards and post-colonial attitudes persist, and initiatives such as the Global Gateway are often seen as top-down and lacking consultation or tangible benefits.

In an era where partner countries are diversifying alliances and asserting more agency, the EU must adapt. A more pragmatic, honest approach – one that acknowledges trade-offs, listens beyond governments and accepts ‘constructive disagreement’ – is essential. The EU must also improve coherence between its values and interests, and between rhetoric and delivery. With major summits and a new financial cycle ahead, the EU has a timely opportunity to redefine itself as a credible geopolitical partner. But to do so, it must move from projection to reflection – and from declarations to meaningful action.